@article {46,
	title = {Development and validation of patient-reported outcome measures for sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairments},
	journal = {Sleep},
	volume = {33},
	number = {6},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Buysse, Daniel JYu, LanMoul, Douglas EGermain, AnneStover, AngelaDodds, Nathan EJohnston, Kelly LShablesky-Cade, Melissa APilkonis, Paul AAR052155/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United StatesU01AR52155/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United StatesU01AR52158/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United StatesU01AR52170/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United StatesU01AR52171/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United StatesU01AR52177/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United StatesU01AR52181/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United StatesU01AR52186/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United StatesResearch Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralValidation StudiesUnited StatesSleepSleep. 2010 Jun 1;33(6):781-92.},
	month = {Jun 1},
	pages = {781-92},
	edition = {2010/06/17},
	abstract = {STUDY OBJECTIVES: To develop an archive of self-report questions assessing sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairments (SRI), to develop item banks from this archive, and to validate and calibrate the item banks using classic validation techniques and item response theory analyses in a sample of clinical and community participants. DESIGN: Cross-sectional self-report study. SETTING: Academic medical center and participant homes. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand nine hundred ninety-three adults recruited from an Internet polling sample and 259 adults recruited from medical, psychiatric, and sleep clinics. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: This study was part of PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Information System), a National Institutes of Health Roadmap initiative. Self-report item banks were developed through an iterative process of literature searches, collecting and sorting items, expert content review, qualitative patient research, and pilot testing. Internal consistency, convergent validity, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were examined in the resulting item banks. Factor analyses identified 2 preliminary item banks, sleep disturbance and SRI. Item response theory analyses and expert content review narrowed the item banks to 27 and 16 items, respectively. Validity of the item banks was supported by moderate to high correlations with existing scales and by significant differences in sleep disturbance and SRI scores between participants with and without sleep disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The PROMIS sleep disturbance and SRI item banks have excellent measurement properties and may prove to be useful for assessing general aspects of sleep and SRI with various groups of patients and interventions.},
	keywords = {*Outcome Assessment (Health Care), *Self Disclosure, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Sleep Disorders/*diagnosis, Young Adult},
	isbn = {0161-8105 (Print)0161-8105 (Linking)},
	author = {Buysse, D. J. and Yu, L. and Moul, D. E. and Germain, A. and Stover, A. and Dodds, N. E. and Johnston, K. L. and Shablesky-Cade, M. A. and Pilkonis, P. A.}
}
@article {247,
	title = {Comparing methods of assessing differential item functioning in a computerized adaptive testing environment},
	journal = {Journal of Educational Measurement},
	volume = {43},
	number = {3},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {245-264},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing: United Kingdom},
	abstract = {Mantel-Haenszel and SIBTEST, which have known difficulty in detecting non-unidirectional differential item functioning (DIF), have been adapted with some success for computerized adaptive testing (CAT). This study adapts logistic regression (LR) and the item-response-theory-likelihood-ratio test (IRT-LRT), capable of detecting both unidirectional and non-unidirectional DIF, to the CAT environment in which pretest items are assumed to be seeded in CATs but not used for trait estimation. The proposed adaptation methods were evaluated with simulated data under different sample size ratios and impact conditions in terms of Type I error, power, and specificity in identifying the form of DIF. The adapted LR and IRT-LRT procedures are more powerful than the CAT version of SIBTEST for non-unidirectional DIF detection. The good Type I error control provided by IRT-LRT under extremely unequal sample sizes and large impact is encouraging. Implications of these and other findings are discussed. all rights reserved)},
	keywords = {computerized adaptive testing, educational testing, item response theory likelihood ratio test, logistic regression, trait estimation, unidirectional \& non-unidirectional differential item functioning},
	isbn = {0022-0655 (Print)},
	author = {Lei, P-W. and Chen, S-Y. and Yu, L.}
}
