@article {172,
	title = {Computer adaptive testing improved accuracy and precision of scores over random item selection in a physical functioning item bank},
	journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
	volume = {59},
	number = {11},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Haley, Stephen MNi, PengshengHambleton, Ronald KSlavin, Mary DJette, Alan MK02 hd45354-01/hd/nichdR01 hd043568/hd/nichdComparative StudyResearch Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.EnglandJournal of clinical epidemiologyJ Clin Epidemiol. 2006 Nov;59(11):1174-82. Epub 2006 Jul 11.},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {1174-82},
	edition = {2006/10/10},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Measuring physical functioning (PF) within and across postacute settings is critical for monitoring outcomes of rehabilitation; however, most current instruments lack sufficient breadth and feasibility for widespread use. Computer adaptive testing (CAT), in which item selection is tailored to the individual patient, holds promise for reducing response burden, yet maintaining measurement precision. We calibrated a PF item bank via item response theory (IRT), administered items with a post hoc CAT design, and determined whether CAT would improve accuracy and precision of score estimates over random item selection. METHODS: 1,041 adults were interviewed during postacute care rehabilitation episodes in either hospital or community settings. Responses for 124 PF items were calibrated using IRT methods to create a PF item bank. We examined the accuracy and precision of CAT-based scores compared to a random selection of items. RESULTS: CAT-based scores had higher correlations with the IRT-criterion scores, especially with short tests, and resulted in narrower confidence intervals than scores based on a random selection of items; gains, as expected, were especially large for low and high performing adults. CONCLUSION: The CAT design may have important precision and efficiency advantages for point-of-care functional assessment in rehabilitation practice settings.},
	keywords = {*Recovery of Function, Activities of Daily Living, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Confidence Intervals, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome Assessment (Health Care)/*methods, Rehabilitation/*standards, Reproducibility of Results, Software},
	isbn = {0895-4356 (Print)},
	author = {Haley, S. M. and Ni, P. and Hambleton, R. K. and Slavin, M. D. and Jette, A. M.}
}
@article {165,
	title = {Computer adaptive testing improved accuracy and precision of scores over random item selection in a physical functioning item bank},
	journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
	volume = {59},
	number = {11},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {1174-1182},
	isbn = {08954356},
	author = {Haley, S. and Ni, P. and Hambleton, R. K. and Slavin, M. and Jette, A.}
}
@booklet {1393,
	title = {Computer-based test designs with optimal and non-optimal tests for making pass-fail decisions},
	year = {2004},
	address = {Research Report, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA},
	author = {Hambleton, R. K. and Xing, D.}
}
@conference {959,
	title = {Comparison of the psychometric properties of several computer-based test designs for credentialing exams},
	booktitle = {Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education},
	year = {2002},
	note = {{PDF file, 261 KB}},
	address = {New Orleans LA},
	author = {Jodoin, M. and Zenisky, A. L. and Hambleton, R. K.}
}
@conference {1090,
	title = {A comparative study of ability estimates from computer-adaptive testing and multi-stage testing},
	booktitle = {Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education},
	year = {1999},
	address = {Montreal Canada},
	author = {Patsula, L  N. and Hambleton, R. K.}
}
@inbook {1788,
	title = {Computerized adaptive testing: Theory, applications, and standards},
	year = {1991},
	address = {R. K. Hambleton and J. N. Zaal (Eds.), Advances in educational and psychological testing: Theory and Applications (pp. 341-366). Boston: Kluwer.},
	author = {Hambleton, R. K. and Zaal, J. N. and Pieters, J. P. M.}
}
@article {706,
	title = {A computer simulation study of tailored testing strategies for objective-based instructional programs},
	journal = {Educational and Psychological Measurement},
	volume = {37},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {139-158},
	abstract = {One possible way of reducing the amount of time spent testing in . objective-based instructional programs would involve the implementation of a tailored testing strategy. Our purpose was to provide some additional data on the effectiveness of various tailored testing strategies for different testing situations. The three factors of a tailored testing strategy under study with various hypothetical distributions of abilities across two learning hierarchies were test length, mastery cutting score, and starting point.
Overall, our simulation results indicate that it is possible to obtain a reduction of more than 50\% in testing time without any loss in decision-making accuracy, when compared to a conventional testing procedure, by implementing a tailored testing strategy. In addition, our study of starting points revealed that it was generally best to begin testing in the middle of the learning hierarchy. Finally we observed a 40\% reduction in errors of classification as the number of items for testing each objective was increased from one to five.},
	author = {Spineti, J. P. and Hambleton, R. K.}
}
